Do you know the difference between a BPO, Appraisal, and Assessed Value?

Estimating the value of a property is an essential part of real estate investing. Depending on who you ask, why you ask, and for what purpose, you may get different answers. Whether your next purchase is for a fix-n-flip or a rental property, arm yourself with knowledge so you can be prepared to provide the valuation needed for your next deal!

Brokers Price Opinion (BPO) – Less expensive and comprehensive than an appraisal, and based primarily on predictive data. The BPO is a real estate broker or sale agent’s opinion of a property’s value and is often used to set the sale price of a property. It is rarely allowed as a substitute for an actual appraisal and can be thought of as more of a starting point.

Appraisals – An unbiased opinion of value given by a licensed or certified appraiser, and based on historical data. Mostly used to determine market value by verifying that an appropriate price is set given the condition, location, and features of a property. This is often required by the lender when a mortgage is involved to buy, sell, or refinance a property.

There are three basic approaches used in appraisals to determine a property’s value:

  1. Sales Comparison Approach: an estimate derived from similar properties, known as comparables or comps, that have been sold within the last year under typical market conditions and within a certain distance from the subject property. Typically, at least three or four examples must be used to give a good valuation.
  • Cost Approach: Based on an assumption that buyers will not pay more for a property than it will cost them to build a similar property from scratch. The property value is determined by:

Cost of Land + Cost of Construction – Depreciation

This is the most common valuation to determine the price for unique buildings such as churches and schools, and residential properties that do not generate income.

  • Income Capital Approach: Assigns a value based on the estimated returns of a property using the formula:

Market Value = Net Operating Income / Capitalization Rate

Assessed Value – The dollar value of a property, assigned by a municipal property assessor to determine property taxes.  Comparable home sales, location, square footage, quality, and market conditions, among many other factors, can heavily influence this determination. This assessment is usually calculated at a percentage of the Fair Market Value (FMV) which is updated periodically and may be disputed by the owner.

As you can see each valuation has its time and place. While the Brokers’ Price Opinion can be used to set the sale price on your home it should not be relied upon as a buyer of investment properties. Most lenders will require an appraisal to be done which is a much more in-depth estimate of value, while the assessed value should be considered when factoring your property taxes into the DSCR and cost analysis.

Finding a team of real estate professionals that you can lean on for guidance is essential to success starting with a lender you can trust. Discover the Investor Loan Source difference today!


Investor Loan Source, a hard money lending company, provides high-quality investment property loans to private real estate investors at the lowest costs possible. Our process for providing real estate investors with private lending is unique. We place emphasis on the hard asset and value of the collateral (property) and less on the borrower. Our asset-based real estate investment loan model means we can provide more money lending to more investors than is available from standard bank loan models. At Investor Loan Source, providing real estate investors hard money loans is our business; it’s all we do. We offer several business real estate loans products designed to serve a variety of investors and property profiles, including hard money lending for properties to sell on owner finance. 

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